SQLAlchemy is a well-known library for storing objects in a relational database. SQLAlchemy supports two modes, of which one (Imperative mode) is preferable but poorly documented, particularly for creating relationships between objects. This post discusses various types of relationships in SQLAlchemy Imperative mode and presents annotated code examples.

For nearly 25 years, I used a single email address (david@djstein.com) for all personal correspondence. Unfortunately, the volume of spam overwhelmed my ability to manage it. Instead, I’ve adopted a system of per-sender email accounts to provide more control and to win the war against spam.